From bolin at su.se Tue Jan 9 13:10:33 2024 From: bolin at su.se (bolin.geo) Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2024 12:10:33 +0000 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] =?windows-1252?q?Deadline_tomorrow!_The_c?= =?windows-1252?q?hanging_Arctic=3A_exploring_the_potential_scenario_of_a_?= =?windows-1252?q?summer_sea_ice-free_Arctic=22_at_the_next_EGU_=2814=9619?= =?windows-1252?q?_April_2024=29?= Message-ID: <321cac063a4c464ab0775fd297c809c9@su.se> Dear colleagues, Sorry to spam you with this email. If you have not submitted an abstract to the EGU and your research is related to the Arctic, please consider to submit an abstract to our session on "The changing Arctic: exploring the potential scenario of a summer sea ice-free Arctic" at the next EGU (14–19 April 2024). The session will explore various Arctic-related issues in the context of current climate change. Please find a detailed description of the session below. Please feel free to forward this invitation to your colleagues who might be interested in contributing. Thank you for considering our invitation, and looking forward to seeing you at EGU. Best regards, Pasha Session CR3.1 The changing Arctic: exploring the potential scenario of a summer sea ice-free Arctic Link: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/48279 Session description: The effects of anthropogenic global warming are most evident in the Arctic, where temperatures are rising at more than twice the global average and the sea ice cover is shrinking dramatically. If the current downward trend in sea ice continues, the Arctic is projected to experience at least one ice-free summer month by mid-century. Despite the far-reaching ecological, climatic, and societal consequences of an ice-free Arctic, there is no consensus on the exact timing and long-term effects of such a scenario. Recent paleoclimate proxy and modeling studies are providing insights into the precursors, drivers, and consequences of a seasonally ice-free Arctic, but much is still uncertain. Emerging evidence suggests that future summer sea ice retreat will be characterized by high variability rather than a steady pace, featuring periods of rapid decline. All of this is critical in the context of the eventual transition to an ice-free Arctic, but not well understood. This session invites abstracts that explore various aspects of the Arctic, including the ocean, sea ice, and climate across a broad range of timescales, from the past to the future, with a focus on their evolution in the context of ongoing climate change. Contributions may include observational, modeling, and paleoclimatic studies aimed at unraveling how the Arctic and its neighboring seas respond to a changing climate. We strongly encourage abstracts that study the causes and predictability of a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean and its climatic and ecological impacts. The session aims to foster discussion and collaboration between scientists from diverse disciplines, as well as policymakers interested in gaining insights into the future of Arctic sea ice. Convener: Pasha Karami | Co-conveners: David Docquier, Agatha De Boer, Patricia DeRepentigny, François Massonnet -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From raymo at ldeo.columbia.edu Tue Jan 9 13:30:34 2024 From: raymo at ldeo.columbia.edu (Maureen Raymo) Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2024 07:30:34 -0500 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] =?utf-8?q?Deadline_tomorrow!_The_changin?= =?utf-8?q?g_Arctic=3A_exploring_the_potential_scenario_of_a_summer_sea_ic?= =?utf-8?q?e-free_Arctic=22_at_the_next_EGU_=2814=E2=80=9319_April_2024=29?= In-Reply-To: <321cac063a4c464ab0775fd297c809c9@su.se> References: <321cac063a4c464ab0775fd297c809c9@su.se> Message-ID: <5E7ECE01-2E9D-4262-BF9B-F40EA6145FE3@ldeo.columbia.edu> I will be out of the office with limited internet access until early January. Responses may be delayed. Best, Maureen Raymo On Jan 9, 2024, at 7:10 AM, bolin.geo via Bolincentret-at-su.se wrote: > Dear colleagues,
> 
> Sorry to spam you with this email. If you have not submitted an abstract to the EGU and your research is related to the Arctic, please consider to submit an abstract to our session on "The changing Arctic: exploring the potential scenario of a summer sea ice-free Arctic" at the next EGU (14–19 April 2024).
> The session will explore various Arctic-related issues in the context of current climate change. Please find a detailed description of the session below.
> 
> Please feel free to forward this invitation to your colleagues who might be interested in contributing. Thank you for considering our invitation, and looking forward to seeing you at EGU.
> 
> Best regards,
> Pasha
> 
> Session CR3.1
> 
> The changing Arctic: exploring the potential scenario of a summer sea ice-free Arctic
> 
> Link: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/48279
> 
> Session description:
> The effects of anthropogenic global warming are most evident in the Arctic, where temperatures are rising at more than twice the global average and the sea ice cover is shrinking dramatically. If the current downward trend in sea ice continues, the Arctic is projected to experience at least one ice-free summer month by mid-century. Despite the far-reaching ecological, climatic, and societal consequences of an ice-free Arctic, there is no consensus on the exact timing and long-term effects of such a scenario. Recent paleoclimate proxy and modeling studies are providing insights into the precursors, drivers, and consequences of a seasonally ice-free Arctic, but much is still uncertain. Emerging evidence suggests that future summer sea ice retreat will be characterized by high variability rather than a steady pace, featuring periods of rapid decline. All of this is critical in the context of the eventual transition to an ice-free Arctic, but not well understood.
> This session invites abstracts that explore various aspects of the Arctic, including the ocean, sea ice, and climate across a broad range of timescales, from the past to the future, with a focus on their evolution in the context of ongoing climate change. Contributions may include observational, modeling, and paleoclimatic studies aimed at unraveling how the Arctic and its neighboring seas respond to a changing climate. We strongly encourage abstracts that study the causes and predictability of a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean and its climatic and ecological impacts. The session aims to foster discussion and collaboration between scientists from diverse disciplines, as well as policymakers interested in gaining insights into the future of Arctic sea ice.
> 
> Convener: Pasha Karami | Co-conveners: David Docquier, Agatha De Boer, Patricia DeRepentigny, François Massonnet
> > _______________________________________________ > Bolincentret-at-su.se mailing list > Bolincentret-at-su.se at lists.su.se > https://lists.su.se/mailman/listinfo/bolincentret-at-su.se -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 3252 bytes Desc: not available URL: From raymo at ldeo.columbia.edu Tue Jan 9 13:31:17 2024 From: raymo at ldeo.columbia.edu (Maureen Raymo) Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2024 07:31:17 -0500 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] =?utf-8?q?Deadline_tomorrow!_The_changin?= =?utf-8?q?g_Arctic=3A_exploring_the_potential_scenario_of_a_summer_sea_ic?= =?utf-8?q?e-free_Arctic=22_at_the_next_EGU_=2814=E2=80=9319_April_2024=29?= In-Reply-To: <321cac063a4c464ab0775fd297c809c9@su.se> References: <321cac063a4c464ab0775fd297c809c9@su.se> Message-ID: <2151C093-4CB1-4FFC-B5E0-BB1CDC2555F1@ldeo.columbia.edu> I will be out of the office with limited internet access until early January. Responses may be delayed. Best, Maureen Raymo On Jan 9, 2024, at 7:10 AM, bolin.geo via Bolincentret-at-su.se wrote: > Dear colleagues,
> 
> Sorry to spam you with this email. If you have not submitted an abstract to the EGU and your research is related to the Arctic, please consider to submit an abstract to our session on "The changing Arctic: exploring the potential scenario of a summer sea ice-free Arctic" at the next EGU (14–19 April 2024).
> The session will explore various Arctic-related issues in the context of current climate change. Please find a detailed description of the session below.
> 
> Please feel free to forward this invitation to your colleagues who might be interested in contributing. Thank you for considering our invitation, and looking forward to seeing you at EGU.
> 
> Best regards,
> Pasha
> 
> Session CR3.1
> 
> The changing Arctic: exploring the potential scenario of a summer sea ice-free Arctic
> 
> Link: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/48279
> 
> Session description:
> The effects of anthropogenic global warming are most evident in the Arctic, where temperatures are rising at more than twice the global average and the sea ice cover is shrinking dramatically. If the current downward trend in sea ice continues, the Arctic is projected to experience at least one ice-free summer month by mid-century. Despite the far-reaching ecological, climatic, and societal consequences of an ice-free Arctic, there is no consensus on the exact timing and long-term effects of such a scenario. Recent paleoclimate proxy and modeling studies are providing insights into the precursors, drivers, and consequences of a seasonally ice-free Arctic, but much is still uncertain. Emerging evidence suggests that future summer sea ice retreat will be characterized by high variability rather than a steady pace, featuring periods of rapid decline. All of this is critical in the context of the eventual transition to an ice-free Arctic, but not well understood.
> This session invites abstracts that explore various aspects of the Arctic, including the ocean, sea ice, and climate across a broad range of timescales, from the past to the future, with a focus on their evolution in the context of ongoing climate change. Contributions may include observational, modeling, and paleoclimatic studies aimed at unraveling how the Arctic and its neighboring seas respond to a changing climate. We strongly encourage abstracts that study the causes and predictability of a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean and its climatic and ecological impacts. The session aims to foster discussion and collaboration between scientists from diverse disciplines, as well as policymakers interested in gaining insights into the future of Arctic sea ice.
> 
> Convener: Pasha Karami | Co-conveners: David Docquier, Agatha De Boer, Patricia DeRepentigny, François Massonnet
> > _______________________________________________ > Bolincentret-at-su.se mailing list > Bolincentret-at-su.se at lists.su.se > https://lists.su.se/mailman/listinfo/bolincentret-at-su.se -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 3252 bytes Desc: not available URL: From Laila.Islamovic at aces.su.se Wed Jan 10 09:40:12 2024 From: Laila.Islamovic at aces.su.se (Laila Islamovic) Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2024 08:40:12 +0000 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] Reminder: deadline approaching for abstracts to the Swedish Climate Symposium 2024 Message-ID: <36f8b718d1b049b58c45d6cfd6d817b9@aces.su.se> Dear Bolin Centre members, This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting your abstract to the Swedish Climate Symposium 2024 is approaching. Make sure to submit your abstract by January 18th. You can find more information in the email below, or on the website: www.swedishclimatesymposium.com. Have a good rest of your week! Kind regards, Laila Islamovic Communicator Bolin Centre for Climate Research Department of Environmental Science (ACES) Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Room: V201 Phone: +46 76 695 70 78 laila.islamovic at aces.su.se www.bolin.su.se ___________________________________ From: Bolincentret-at-su.se On Behalf Of Laila Islamovic via Bolincentret-at-su.se Sent: Friday, 17 November 2023 12:58 To: bolincentret-at-su.se at lists.su.se Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] Swedish Climate Symposium 2024: Call for abstracts now open! [logo] Call for abstracts for the Swedish Climate Symposium 2024 is now open! The symposium, taking place on May 15-17, 2024 in Norrköping, invites researchers to submit abstracts for an engaging exploration of climate science and its societal impacts. Organized by SMHI, the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, BECC, and MERGE, it aims to bridge scientific knowledge with practical applications. This event provides a unique platform for scientists to collaborate and address knowledge gaps in climate science. Through plenary and parallel sessions, poster presentations, and networking opportunities, participants will gain valuable insights into Swedish climate research. The symposium facilitates connections among researchers and decision-makers in the political and economic spheres. Climate researchers are encouraged to submit abstracts focusing on fundamental science and societal challenges related to climate change. The Bolin Centre will co-fund attendance by paying the conference fee for all Bolin Centre members hired at SU or KTH (contact bolin at su.se). Early Career Researchers (PhD-students and Post-docs) can apply for a travel grant to cover train and accommodation expenses through the Bolin Centre Climate Research School (contact carmen.prieto at natgeo.su.se). The symposium program is available here. Submission deadline: Abstracts must be submitted via the Symposium website by January 18, 2024. For more information and updates, please visit https://swedishclimatesymposium.com/ Contact Information: Bolin Centre for Climate Research Email: bolin at su.se ____________________________________ Laila Islamovic Communicator Bolin Centre for Climate Research Department of Environmental Science (ACES) Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Room: V201 Phone: +46 76 695 70 78 laila.islamovic at aces.su.se www.bolin.su.se ___________________________________ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image001.jpg Type: image/jpeg Size: 9451 bytes Desc: image001.jpg URL: -------------- next part -------------- An embedded and charset-unspecified text was scrubbed... Name: ATT00001.txt URL: From Maria.Basova at aces.su.se Wed Jan 10 10:00:04 2024 From: Maria.Basova at aces.su.se (Maria Basova) Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2024 09:00:04 +0000 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] Important! Action needed - Update your Bolin Centre membership Message-ID: <0b32ba22cac54af08c0d0dbf60041071@aces.su.se> Dear Bolin Centre Researchers, We are reaching out to inform you of an important update regarding our Member Base. We are moving it to a new server, and this requires reconfirmation of your Bolin Centre membership. Please take 2 minutes to confirm your continued interest in being a member of the Bolin Centre by clicking on this link: https://su.powerinit.com/Data/Event/EventTemplates/2602/?EventId=2751 Thank you so much for your attention to this matter. On behald of the Bolin Centre Directorate, Maria Basova Coordinator Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University maria.basova at aces.su.se [cid:image001.jpg at 01DA43A4.0169CF20] -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image001.jpg Type: image/jpeg Size: 360824 bytes Desc: image001.jpg URL: From fernando.jaramillo at natgeo.su.se Tue Jan 16 14:55:21 2024 From: fernando.jaramillo at natgeo.su.se (Fernando Jaramillo) Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2024 13:55:21 +0000 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] =?utf-8?q?Seminar_by_Dr=2E_R=C3=BAna_Magn?= =?utf-8?q?=C3=BAsson=2C_Wageningen_University_=28Feb_9=29?= Message-ID: Welcome to the following RT2 seminar… Bolin RT2 seminar series EVENT Date: Friday 9 February 2024 Time: 14.00 – 15.00 Venue: Högbom lecture hall, Geoscience building Making it rain: Arctic permafrost and tundra vegetation under future increases in rainfall Dr. Rúna Magnússon, Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands The response of Arctic permafrost and plant communities to amplified global warming are important factors in the planet’s future greenhouse gas balance and climate, but also some of the most poorly quantified aspects of Earth system models. Besides, with warming up to four times faster than the global average, Arctic communities experience rapid changes to their natural environment. Apart from temperature increases, precipitation patterns in the Arctic are subject to change, with increased rainfall and extreme precipitation events reported for many Arctic regions. However, the role of rainfall and rainfall extremes in permafrost degradation and vegetation dynamics are understudied compared to the effects of warming. How would heavy rainfall in summer affect the thawing sand refreezing dynamics of permafrost? Could it promote “Arctic greening” now that Arctic regions are getting warmer? Or might the impact of rainfall depend strongly on landscape conditions and seasonal timing? Rúna will share the results of her recent work on rainfall impacts of permafrost ecosystems, including experimental studies simulating rainfall increases in Siberia and Svalbard, modeling studies, and time-series analysis. Short bio Rúna Magnússon is an early career Lecturer & Researcher at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. Her work focuses on the impacts of heavy rainfall events on permafrost ecosystems, using field experiments, tree-ring studies, remote sensing time series, and meta-analysis. Her PhD research focused on vegetation development and thermokarst in the North-Eastern Siberian lowland tundras. Now, she primarily focuses on Svalbard, runs a rainfall simulation experiment (T-REX project), and works on quantifying the insulative capacity of High Arctic plant communities during permafrost thaw (INSULATE project, led by UNIS). She also shares research-inspired illustrations, photos and blogs on www.runamagnusson.com Mvh, FERNANDO JARAMILLO Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm. Sweden Personal website -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From fernando.jaramillo at natgeo.su.se Wed Jan 17 09:50:49 2024 From: fernando.jaramillo at natgeo.su.se (Fernando Jaramillo) Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:50:49 +0000 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] =?utf-8?q?REMINDER=3A_Session=3A_Water_Re?= =?utf-8?q?sources_and_Links_to_Climate_and_Biodiversity_=E2=80=93_Swedish?= =?utf-8?q?_Climate_Symposium=2C_May_15-17=2C_2024?= Message-ID: <0156748bc81142b38a64c8314bbe2e50@natgeo.su.se> Dear all, Sorry for cross-posting. A reminder for the water-related session at next year’s Swedish Climate Symposium on May 16, 2024, in Norrköping, Sweden. The abstract submission due date has now been extended to January 25, 2024. Water Resources and Links to Climate and Biodiversity – Session 2C - Freshwater sustains life and plays a crucial role in the Earth’s system. Understanding the characteristics of freshwater resources, their changes and links to biogeochemical cycles and food web dynamics is vital for effective water resource management, environmental conservation and climate mitigation and adaptation. We invite studies from all disciplines on the independent or coupled hydrological, biogeochemical cycles, ecological dynamics in freshwater ecosystems and their interactions with climate and society over multiple spatial and temporal scales. Please submit your abstract here. The symposium program is available here. The Bolin Centre will co-fund attendance by paying the conference fee for all Bolin Centre members hired at SU or KTH (contact bolin at su.se). Early Career Researchers (PhD-students and Post-docs) can additionally apply for a travel grant to cover train and accommodation expenses through the Bolin Centre Climate Research School (contact carmen.prieto at natgeo.su.se). We are looking forward to meeting you there. FERNANDO JARAMILLO Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm. Sweden Personal website -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From gustaf.hugelius at natgeo.su.se Wed Jan 17 10:17:21 2024 From: gustaf.hugelius at natgeo.su.se (Gustaf Hugelius) Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2024 09:17:21 +0000 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] Swedish climate Symposium 2024: The Cryosphere and Polar Processes Message-ID: <9ebf6634f6df40639f83097cc1276620@natgeo.su.se> Dear all, Consider submitting an abstract to The Cryosphere and Polar Processes session at the Swedish Climate Symposium on May 15-17, 2024, in Norrköping, Sweden. The abstract submission due date has now been extended to January 25, 2024. The Cryosphere and Polar Processes - Session 3B This session covers all aspects of climatic interactions with the Cryosphere and Polar Processes. Relevant topics include sea ice, snow, glaciers, ice sheets, polar ecology, permafrost, Arctic carbon cycle and human activities in polar regions. We welcome studies from all science disciplines, including multi- or transdisciplinary approaches. Results may be based on e.g. field observations, laboratory studies, interviews or modeling and may include paleo-reconstructions or future projections. Please submit your abstract here. The symposium program is available here. The Bolin Centre will co-fund attendance by paying the conference fee for all Bolin Centre members hired at SU or KTH (contact bolin at su.se). Early Career Researchers (PhD-students and Post-docs) can additionally apply for a travel grant to cover train and accommodation expenses through the Bolin Centre Climate Research School (contact carmen.prieto at natgeo.su.se). ------------------- Prof. Gustaf Hugelius Vice director of the Bolin Centre for Climate Research Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Email: gustaf.hugelius at natgeo.su.se Zoom: https://stockholmuniversity.zoom.us/j/2159534588 Tel: +468 674 78 73 / +4670 797 29 52 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From daniel.ospina at futureearth.org Wed Jan 24 15:21:15 2024 From: daniel.ospina at futureearth.org (Daniel Ospina) Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 15:21:15 +0100 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] *CALL FOR EXPERT INPUT* 10 New Insight in Climate Science 2024 Message-ID: Dear Bolin Centre member The *CALL FOR INPUT* for this year’s *10 New Insights in Climate Science* is now open. We welcome and encourage all researchers working on climate change related topics (both natural and social sciences) to share what are key recent developments in climate change research that should be raised to the attention of policymakers and negotiators at the UNFCCC. With this call we also aim to identify topic experts interested in contributing as co-authors of the academic manuscript that underpins the policy report. You may self-nominate or recommend another topic expert. The papers corresponding to the instalments for 2023 , 2022 , 2021 , and 2020 have been published in the journal Global Sustainability. Co-authors of the academic paper are also acknowledged on the policy report. *This call closes the first week of February, 2024* Background The 10 New Insights in Climate Science series is an annual effort of science synthesis and science communication, aimed at highlighting key recent advances in climate change research, on time for the UNFCCC COP. The ultimate purpose is to equip policymakers and other decision-makers with essential knowledge to make sense of and confront the climate emergency. This is a joint initiative by Future Earth , The Earth League , and the World Climate Research Programme . If you have any questions and comments about this request or the overall process, please do not hesitate to contact daniel.ospina at futureearth.org and clea.edwards at asu.edu -- Daniel Ospina Science Officer | Future Earth, Global Secretariat c/o Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm futureearth.org | @futureearth *Earth Commission* | *Global Commons Alliance* *10 New Insights in Climate Science* **2023/24 report at COP28 ** -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From malin.stenberg at natgeo.su.se Tue Jan 30 11:29:01 2024 From: malin.stenberg at natgeo.su.se (Malin Stenberg Soleirol de Serves) Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2024 10:29:01 +0000 Subject: [Bolincentret-at-su.se] =?utf-8?q?FW=3A_Ng_list=3A_One_room_withi?= =?utf-8?q?n_a_flat_with_a_great_view_over_a_lake_and_forest_in_Gr=C3=B6nd?= =?utf-8?q?al_for_rent!?= Message-ID: <30FA66FF-46A6-4358-B238-024591CB7359@natgeo.su.se> Dear all, ONE NICE ROOM FOR ONE NICE PERSON TO RENT. I live there myself in the other room and my dog lives in the living room. This is a spatious 3 room flat at floor 7 with a great view over a lake and forest and behind it you have a panoramic view over Stockholm. 10 minutes walk (800 meter) to Liljeholmen metro station, then 5 stops to Central station. Or 4 minutes walk to the nearest tram and bus station. Gröndal is like a small, cosy area but just around the corner to the inner city of Stockholm. Lots of nice nature but also a big shopping mall in Liljeholmen. Gröndal is also a very peaceful, safe and quit area. I am a graphic designer and my interest is design, architecture, technology and culture in general. I am an openminded, easygoing guy. Been a Airbnb Super Host for many years and are easy to get along with. I have a supernice dog called Roxy and she lives with me, so I want to rent out the room to someone who really like dogs. If you have a dog yourself, thats also okey. Ideal person is probably an academic or design student that come to Stockholm to study or something like that. In the rent everything is included, also superfast WiFi. The room has a double bed so it's fine to have a friend staying sometime (but not partners that comes all the time to live there). Good English is a big plus. All the best, Björn Harald Georg mailto:bjorn at bldesign.se Pictures, map and contact: https://bostad.blocket.se/p2/sv/home/766889?utm_source=blocket&utm_medium=classified&utm_campaign=homead&utm_content=2024-01-21/766889 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: Skärmavbild 2024-01-23 kl. 07.30.25.png Type: image/png Size: 3717114 bytes Desc: Skärmavbild 2024-01-23 kl. 07.30.25.png URL: -------------- next part -------------- An embedded and charset-unspecified text was scrubbed... Name: ATT00001.txt URL: